BALDWIN, I.T. & SCHULTZ, J.C., 1983. Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced by damage: evidence for communication between plants. Science. 221: 227-279.

BARBOUR, M.G., BURK, J.H. & PITTS, W.D., 1987. Terrestrial plant ecology. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc., California.

BARNARD, J.A., 1997. An ecological study for 'Kamberg wildboerdery' of the plant communities and animal population on part three of the farm Zanddrift 380, with management recommendations. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BSc. Hons. In Wildlife Management. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

BASSON, P.A., 1987. Poisoning of wildlife in Southern Africa. Jl S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 58(4): 219-228.

BASSON, P.A., NORVAL, A.G., HOFMEYER, J.M., EBEDES, H. & ANITRA, SCHULTZ R., 1982. Antelope and poisonous plants. 1. Gifblaar Dichapetalatum cymosum (Hooker). Engler & Prantl containing monofluoroacetate. Madoqua 13(1): 59-70.

BECK, N.D., 1998. An ecological study of the plant communities and animal populations of Foskor Mine, with management recommendations. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

BEGON, M., HARPER, J.L. & TOWNSEND, C.R., 1990. Ecology - individuals, population and communities.2nd edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston. BELL, R.H.V., 1969. The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti. Animal populations in relation to their food resources. Blackwell, Oxford. pp 111-128.

BELL, R.H.V., 1970. The use of the herb layer by grazing ungulates in the Serengeti. In: A. Watson (Ed.). Annual populations in relation to their food resources. Symposium of the British Ecological Society, Aberdeen.

BELL, R.H.V., 1971. A grazing ecosystem in the Serengeti. Scientific American. 225: 86-93.

BEN SHAUL, D. M. 1963. The composition of the milk of wild animals. Int. Zoo. Yearbook 4: 333-342.

BLAZA, A.J. 1996. Approach to tourism. In: African Wildlife Policy Consultation, Final Report. Civil service college, Sunningdale park, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

BOOMKER, J., KRIEK, N.P.J. & EBEDES, H., 1986. Siektes van wilde diere. In: J. du P. Bothma (Red.). Wildplaasbestuur. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp 175-197.

BOTHMA, J. du P., 1986. Die dinamika van wildbevolkings. In: J. du P. Bothma (Red.). Wildplaasbestuur. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp 114-137.

BOTHMA, J. DU P. & DU TOIT, J.G., 1996. Buying and selling game. In: Game Ranch Management.J.du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

BOTHMA, J. du P. 1995. Wildplaasbestuur. Nuwe Uitgebreide Uitgawe. J. L. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

BOTHMA, J. du P. 1996. Game Ranch Management. J. L. van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

BOTHMA, J. DU P. 1997. Geselekteerde beginsels en tegnieke van Natuurlewebestuur. Sentrum vir Natuurlewebestuur, Universiteit van Pretoria.

BRAIN, C. & FOX, V.E.B. 1994. Suspected cardiac glycoside poisoning in elephants (Loxodonta africana) . Jl S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 65(4): 173-174.

BURROUGHS, R.E.J. & MCKENZIE, A., 1993. Handling, care and loading of immobilized herbivores. In: The Capture and Care Manual: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals. ed. Andrew A. McKenzie. Wildlife Decision Support Services and the South African Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

BURROUGHS, R.E.J., 1993. Principles of darting antelope and other herbivores. In: The Capture and Care Manual: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals. ed. Andrew A. McKenzie. Wildlife Decision Support Services and the South African Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

COETZER, J.A.W., THOMSON G.R., TUSTIN R.C.1994. Infectious diseases of livestock with special reference to Southern Africa.

COLEY, P.D., BRYANT, J.P. & CHAPIN, F.S., 1985. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defence. Science. 230(4728): 895-899

COOPER, S.M. & OWEN-SMITH, N., 1985. Condensed tannins deter feeding by browsing ruminants in a South African savanna. Oecologia. 67: 142-146. DANCKWERTS J.E. & TEAGUE W.R. 1989. Veld management in the Eastern Cape. East London.

DENNO, R.F. & McCLURE, M.S., 1983. Variable plants and herbivores in natural and managed system. Academic Press, New York and London

DEPARTEMENT VAN LANDBOU-TEGNIESE DIENSTE, 1983. Wetenskaplike pamflet 393 deel 1. Bosluise, myte en insekte van huisdiere in Suid-Afrika.

DU TOIT, I. & NEWBERRY, P.E. 1998. An ecological study of the plant communities and animal population dynamics of Entabeni Game Reserve, with management recommendations. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. & BOTHMA, J.DU P., 1996. Biological diversity, hybrdization and inbreeding. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. & EBEDES, H. 1996. Drinking patterns and drinking behaviour. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. & VAN ROOYEN, J. 1996. Trophy hunting. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. & VAN ROOYEN. J. 1996. Roads. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. & VAN ROOYEN. J. 1996. The design and location of waterholes. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

DU TOIT, J.G. 1996. Game fences - electric fences. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

EBEDES, H. 1995. Wild op hok. Pp. 181-191. In: Bothma, J. du P. (ed.). Wildplaasbestuur. J. L. Van Schaik, Pretoria.

EBEDES, H., DU TOIT, J.G. & VAN ROOYEN, J., 1996. Game in temporary captivity. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

EBEDES, H., DU TOIT, K.G. & VAN ROOYEN, J., 1996. Transporting game. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

ENSMINGER & OLENTINE. 1978. Feeds and Nutrition. Pretoria. FEENY, P.P., 1975. Biochemical coevolution between plants and their insect herbivores. University of Texas press, Austin.

FOOSE, T. & LLOYD, M., 1974. Fiber and nitrogen digestion in wild species of ruminant versus non-ruminant ungulates. NSF Grant proposal. Deb-75-13084.

FOOSE, T., 1978. Digestion in wild species of ruminant versus non-ruminant ungulates. AAZPA 1978 Annual conference Proceedings. AAZPA, Wheeling, S.Va.

FOURIE N., BASSON A.T., BASSON K.M., FERREIRA G.C.H., VAN DEN BERGH, H., SMITH J.C.S., LABUSCHAGNE L, 1996. Poisoning of wildlife in South Africa. Jl S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 67(2): 74-76.

FOWLER, M.E., 1981. Wildlife diseases of the Pacific Basin and other countries. Sydney: Wildlife Disease Association.

FOWLER, M.E. 1983. Plant poisoning in free-living wild animals: A review. Journal of wildlife disease 19(1): 34-43.

FOWLER, M.E., 1986. Zoo and wild animal medicine. Philadelphia.

FURSTENBURG, D., 1989. Die invloed van tanniene in plante op die voedingstyd van kameelperde. Ongepubliseerde MSc-verhandeling. Universiteit van Pretoria.

GAUGRIS, J., 1999. The importance of recreation in wildlife conservation in Africa. Unpublished seminar.

GROENEWALD, I.B. & HEYNS, H., 1985. Doeltreffendheid van lekaanvulling onder simposium van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vereniging vir Diereproduksie, Transvaaltak.

HARBORNE, J.B. & TURNER, B.L., 1984. Plant chemosystematics. Academic Press, London

HENDERSON, C.C., 1985. Deworming of game. Jaarvergadering en simposium van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vereniging vir diereproduksie, Transvaaltak.

HENSHAW, J. & AYENI, J., 1971 . Some aspects of big-game utilization of mineral licks In Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 9: 73-82.

HUDSON, R.J., 1982. Wildlife Productivity. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Alberta.

HUME, I.D. & WARNER, A.C.I., 1980. Evolution of microbial digestion in mammals. In: Y. Ruckebusch & P. Thievend (Eds.). Digestive physiology, and metabolism in ruminants. pp 665-684.

HUNGATE, R.E., 1966. The rumen and its microbes. Academic Press, New York.

JAMES, L.F., 1978. Overview of poisonous plant problems in the United States. In: Keeler, R.F., Van Kampen, K.R. & James, L.F. (Eds.). Effects of poisonous plants on livestock. New York: Academic Press INC.

JANIS, C., 1976. The evolutionary strategy of the Equidae and the origins of rumen and ceacal digestion. Evolution. 30: 757-774.

JEFFERY, R.F., VAN DER WAAL, C. & RADLOFF F., 1996 An ecological evaluation with management guidelines for the re-establishment of the Quiçama National Park, Angola. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

JOUBERT, S.C.J. 1996. Animal behaviour. In: Game Ranch Management. J. du P. Bothma. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

KELLERMAN T.S., COETZER J.A.W., NAUDE T.W. 1993. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicosis of livestock in Southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town.

KELLERMAN, T.S. & MINNE, J.A., 1984. Antelopes and poisonous plants. 13th World Congress on Diseases of Cattle. 2: 695-701.

KENT, M. & COKER, P., 1992. Vegetation description and analysis - A practical approach. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

KREBS, C.J., 1994. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. 4th ed. Harper Collins College Publishers, New York.

LIVERSIDGE, R.L. & BERRY, M.P.S., 1986. Wildboerdery in dorgebiede. In: J. Du P. Bothma (Red.). Wildplaasbestuur. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp 573-600.

MATTOCKS, A.R., 1972. Toxicity and metabolism of Senecio Alkaloids. In: J.B. Harborne (Ed.). Phytochemical ecology. London: Academic Press.

McCAMMON-FELDMAN, B., GARRIGUS, U.S. & VAN SOEST, P.J., 1980. Difference in digestive response to grass and browse species by goats. Proc. 72nd Annual Meeting Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. , Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

McDONALD, P., EDWARDS, R.A. & GREENHALGH, J.F.D., 1981. Animal nutrition. Longman Group Limited.

MCKENZIE, A.A. 1993 . Ed. The Capture and Care manual: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals. Wildlife Decision Support Services and S.A. Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

McLEOD, M.N., 1974. Plant tannins - their role in forage quality. Commonwealth Bureau of Nutrition - Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews. 44(11): 803-815.

MELVILLE, H.I.A.S 1999. . Requirements for the transportation of game species (South Africa) . Unpublished seminar.

MOEN, A.N., 1973. Wildlife Ecology . W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco.

MOIR, R.J., 1965 . The comparative physiology of ruminant-like animals. In: Physiology Of Digestion in the Ruminant . Butterworths, Washington, D.C. pp 1-14.

MOIR, R.J., 1968. Ruminant digestion and evolution. In: Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 6, Vol. 5. Amer. Physiol. Soc. Washington, D.C. pp 2673-2694.

MöNNIG, H.O. & VELDMAN, F.J., 1964. Handboek oor veesiektes. Kaapstad: Nasionale Boekhandel Bpk.

MONNIG H.O. & VELDMAN F.J. 1989 . Plantvergiftiging. Pp220-221. In: Handboek oor veesiektes . H.O. Monnig & F.J. Veldman. Tafelberg Uitgewers Beperk, Kaapstad.

MOSTERT, J.W.C., ROBERTS, B.R., HESLINGA, C.F. & COETZEE, P.G.F., 1971. Veldbestuur in die OVS-streek. Pamflet nr. 391. Departement Landbou-tegniese Dienste, Pretoria.

NEWBY, E.M., 1998 . Ecological mangementguidelines and recommendations for the farm "Slypsteen" in the Northern Province mixed bushveld . Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

O'DONOVAN, W.M., 1980. Game ranching, a grand challenge with an exciting future. Rumevite, Bedfordview.

ODUM, E.P., 1959. Fundamentals of ecology . W.B Saunders, London.

OEHME, F.W. & DAVIS, J.W., 1982. Plants poisonous to free-living of caged mammals and birds. In: G.L. Hoff (Ed.). Non-infectious diseases of wildlife. Ames: The Iowa State University Press.

OPENSHAW, P. 1993. Mass capture techniques. In: The Capture and Care Manual: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals . ed. Andrew A. McKenzie. Wildlife Decision Support Services and the South African Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

OPENSHAW, P. 1993. Transportation of wild herbivores. In: The Capture and Care Manual: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals. ed. Andrew A. McKenzie. Wildlife Decision Support Services and the South African Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

OWEN-SMITH, N., 1978 . The influence of consumers on primary production. A synthesis of information generated in the South African Savanna. Co-system Project Report to the National Programme for Environmental Science, CSIR, Pretoria.

OWEN-SMITH, N., 1980. Factors influencing the transfer of plant products into large herbivore populations. In: B.J. Huntley & B.H. Walker (Eds.). Dynamic Changes in Savanna Ecosystem . Pretoria.

PARA, R., 1978 . Comparison of foregut and hindgut fermentation in herbivores. In: G.G. Montgomery. The Ecology of Araboreal Folivores . Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp 205-229.

RHOADES, D.F. & CATES, R.G., 1976 . Towards a general theory of plant anti- Herbivore chemistry. In: J.W. Wallace & R.L. Monsell (Eds.). Recent advances in phytochemistry. Biochemisttry interactions between plants and insects . Plenum, New York, USA.

ROBBINS, C.T., MOLE, S., HAGERMAN, A.E. & HANLEY, T.A.1, 1987. Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: Reduction in dry matter digestion. Ecology. 68(6) : 1606-1615.

ROSENTHAL, G.A. & JANZEN, D.H., 1979 . Herbivores: Their interaction with secondary plant metabolites Academic Press, New York.

SALISBURY, F.B. & ROSS, L.W., 1978. Plant physiology. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company INC. p 422.

SCHUSTER, J.L., 1965 . Poisonous plant management problems and control measures on US rangelands. In: R.F. Keeler, K.R. Kempen & L.F. James. Effects of poisonous plants on livestock. New York: Academic Press INC.

SHORT, H.L.,. BLAIR, R.M. & EPPS E.A. Jr., 1975 . Composition and digestibility of deer browse in southern forests. USDA Forest Service Research Paper. SO -111.

SINCLAIR, A.R.E., 1977. The African Buffalo: A study of resource limitation of populations. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

SNYMAN, D.D., 1986. Mineraaltekorte. In: J. Du P. Bothma (Red.). Wildplaasbestuur. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp 525-531.

STALMANS, M., HEYMANS, W. & HITCHINS, P., 1994. Fire mosaic, grassland composition and veld condition in relation to people, cattle and game numbers during the establishment phase of the Songimvelo Game Reserve.. In: Wildlife Ranching: A Celebration of Diversity . eds. W. van Hoven, H. Ebedes and Andrew Conroy. P 141-149. Promedia, Pretoria.

STATE VETERINARY ANNUAL REPORT 1994/1995 . Kalanchoe lanceolata poisoning. Pretoria.

STATE VETERINARY ANNUAL REPORT 1995/1996. Slaframine poisoning in kudu . Pretoria.

STEWART, R.G., 1996. The planning, construction and maintenance of gravel roads on game reserves with economic implications. Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria.

STEYN, D.G., 1929. The toxicology of plants in South Africa. DSc-proefskrif, Universiteit van Pretoria.

STEYN, D.G., 1934 . The toxicology of plants in South Africa. South Africa: Central News Agency Limited.

STEYN, D.H., 1949 . Vergiftiging van mens en dier. Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik.

STODDART, L.A., SMITH, A.D. & BOX, T.W., 1975 . Range management. New York: McGraw-Hill.

TING, I.P., 1982. Plant Physiolog y. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

TRENDLER, K. 1993 . Hand-raising of orphaned antelope. Pp. 465-482. In: Capture, Care, Accommodation and Transportation of Wild African Animals . ed. Andrew A. McKenzie. Wildlife Decision Support Services and the South African Veterinary Foundation, Pretoria.

VAHRMEIJER, J., 1981 .Gifplante van Suider-Afrika wat veeverliese veroorsaak . Kaapstad: Tafelberg Uitgewers Beperk.

VAHRIJMEIJER J, 1987. Gifplante van Suider-Afrika. Tafelberg Uitgewers Beperk, Kaapstad.

VAN DER MERWE, F.J., 1970 . Dierevoeding. Kosmo-uitgewery Edms. Bpk., Stellenbosch. p 77.

VAN HOVEN, W., 1984. Trees' secret warning system against browsers. Custos. 13(5) : 5-9.

VAN HOVEN, W. & EBEDES, H., 1986. Voeding en drakrag. In: J. du P Bothma (Ed.). Wildplaasbestuur. J.L. van Schaik (Edms) Bpk., Pretoria.

VAN HOVEN, W., EBEDES, H., eds. 1994 . Wildlife Ranching: A Celebration of Diversity . Promedia, Pretoria.

VAN HOVEN W., 1996. Wildvoeding en weiding studiegids: Natuurlewebestuur . Pp36- 41. Sentrum vir Natuurlewebestuur, Universiteit van Pretoria.

VAN NIEKERK, B.D.H., 1985 . Feeding of game on the farm. Jaarvergadering en simposium van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vereniging vir diereproduksie, Transvaaltak.

VAN OUDTSHOORN, F. 1992. Gids tot die grasse van Suid-Afrika . Briza publikasies Bk.

VAN OUDTSHOORN F., 1994 . Gids tot grasses van Suid-Afrika . Ptretoria.

VAN ROOYEN, N, DU TOIT, J.G. & VAN ROOYEN, J. 1996 . Game fences - wire fences. Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

VAN ROOYEN, N. & THERON, G.K., 1996 . Biomes, veld types and game ranching regions. In: Game Ranch Management.J.du P. Bothma . Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

VAN ROOYEN, N., BREDENKAMP, G.J. & THERON, G.K. 1996. Veld management. In: Game Ranch Management.J.du P. Bothma . Van Schaik Uitgewers, Pretoria.

VAN ROOYEN, N., GRUNOW, J.O. & THERON, G.K., 1986. Weiveldbestuur. In: J. du P. Bothma (Red.). Wildplaasbestuur . J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria.

VAN SOEST, P.J., 1981 . Nutritional ecology of the ruminant . O & B Bopoks, Corvallis, Oregon. pp 125-177.

VERSCHOOR, J.A., 1980 . Eienskappe van die toksiese entiteit(e) verantwoordelik vir Gousiekte . MSc, Landbou, Universiteit van Pretoria.

VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY 300 1996. Student notes.

WALLER, G.R. & NOWACKI, E.K., 1978. Alkaloid biology and metabolism in plants. Planum Press, New York and London.

WELLS, M.J. & STIRTON, C.H., 1988 . Lantana camara, 'n giftig-verklaarde onkruid. Onkruid A. 27, Boerdery in Suid-Afrika. YOUNG, E. 1968 . Care of young wild ungulates. Afr. Wild Life 22 : 126-140.

YOUNG, E., 1973. The general care and nutrition of wild mammals in captivity. In; E,. Young (Ed.). The Capture and care of wild animals. Human & Rosseau, Cape Town. pp 134-147.

YOUNG, E., 1984b. Wildvoeding. Natura. Vol. 3, p 10.

ZIEGER, U. & CAULDWELL, A., 1998. Wildlife ecology & management. Practical aspects for Zambian game ranches. Business Print Centre, Pretoria.

ZUCKER, W.V., 1983 . Tannins: does structure determine function ? An ecological perspective. Pretoria.